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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../../PREFACE.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">快速上手</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 快速上手</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/typescript-in-5-minutes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 5 分钟了解 TypeScript</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/asp.net-core.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> ASP.NET Core</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/asp.net-4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> ASP.NET 4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/gulp.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Gulp</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/knockout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Knockout.js</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/react-and-webpack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> React 与 webpack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> React</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/angular-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Angular 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/migrating-from-javascript.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> 从 JavaScript 迁移到 TypeScript</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 手册</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/basic-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 基础类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/interfaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/literal-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 字面量类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/unions-and-intersections.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 联合类型和交叉类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/classes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 类</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> 泛型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册（进阶）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 手册（进阶）</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/advanced-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 高级类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/utility-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 实用工具类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/decorators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Decorators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/declaration-merging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 声明合并</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/iterators-and-generators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Iterators 和 Generators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/jsx.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> JSX</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/mixins.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> 混入</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> 模块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/module-resolution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> 模块解析</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/namespaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> 命名空间</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/namespaces-and-modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> 命名空间和模块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/symbols.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.12.</strong> Symbols</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/triple-slash-directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.13.</strong> 三斜线指令</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/type-compatibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.14.</strong> 类型兼容性</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/type-inference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.15.</strong> 类型推论</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/variable-declarations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.16.</strong> 变量声明</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册（v2）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook-v2/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 手册（v2）</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook-v2/type-manipulation/template-literal-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 模版字面量类型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">TypeScript 声明文件（.d.ts）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 如何书写声明文件</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/by-example.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 举例</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/library-structures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 库结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/templates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 模板</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/do-s-and-don-ts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> 最佳实践</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/deep-dive.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> 深入</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/publishing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> 发布</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/consumption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> 使用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">TypeScript for JavaScript</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/javascript/type-checking-javascript-files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> JavaScript 文件里的类型检查</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">工程配置</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 工程配置</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/tsconfig.json.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> tsconfig.json</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/project-references.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> 工程引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/typings-for-npm-packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> NPM 包的类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/compiler-options.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> 编译选项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/configuring-watch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> 配置 Watch</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/compiler-options-in-msbuild.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> 在 MSBuild 里使用编译选项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/integrating-with-build-tools.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> 与其它构建工具整合</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/nightly-builds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> 使用 TypeScript 的每日构建版本</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">版本发布说明（Release Notes）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> 新增功能</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-5.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> TypeScript 5.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-5.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> TypeScript 5.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> TypeScript 4.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> TypeScript 4.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> TypeScript 4.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> TypeScript 4.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> TypeScript 4.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> TypeScript 4.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> TypeScript 4.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> TypeScript 4.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> TypeScript 4.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> TypeScript 4.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.13.</strong> TypeScript 3.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.14.</strong> TypeScript 3.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.15.</strong> TypeScript 3.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.16.</strong> TypeScript 3.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.17.</strong> TypeScript 3.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.18.</strong> TypeScript 3.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.19.</strong> TypeScript 3.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.20.</strong> TypeScript 3.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.21.</strong> TypeScript 3.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.22.</strong> TypeScript 3.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.23.</strong> TypeScript 2.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.24.</strong> TypeScript 2.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.25.</strong> TypeScript 2.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.26.</strong> TypeScript 2.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.27.</strong> TypeScript 2.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.28.</strong> TypeScript 2.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.29.</strong> TypeScript 2.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.30.</strong> TypeScript 2.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.31.</strong> TypeScript 2.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.32.</strong> TypeScript 2.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.33.</strong> TypeScript 1.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.34.</strong> TypeScript 1.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.35.</strong> TypeScript 1.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.36.</strong> TypeScript 1.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.37.</strong> TypeScript 1.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.38.</strong> TypeScript 1.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.39.</strong> TypeScript 1.1</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">破坏性改动（Breaking Changes）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Breaking Changes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> TypeScript 3.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> TypeScript 3.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> TypeScript 3.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> TypeScript 3.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> TypeScript 3.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> TypeScript 3.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> TypeScript 2.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> TypeScript 2.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.9.</strong> TypeScript 2.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.10.</strong> TypeScript 2.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.11.</strong> TypeScript 2.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.12.</strong> TypeScript 2.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.13.</strong> TypeScript 2.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.14.</strong> TypeScript 2.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.15.</strong> TypeScript 2.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.16.</strong> TypeScript 1.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.17.</strong> TypeScript 1.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.18.</strong> TypeScript 1.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.19.</strong> TypeScript 1.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.20.</strong> TypeScript 1.4</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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                        <h1 id="与其它构建工具整合"><a class="header" href="#与其它构建工具整合">与其它构建工具整合</a></h1>
<p>构建工具</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#babel">Babel</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#browserify">Browserify</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#duo">Duo</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#grunt">Grunt</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#gulp">Gulp</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#jspm">Jspm</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#webpack">Webpack</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#msbuild">MSBuild</a></li>
<li><a href="integrating-with-build-tools.html#nuget">NuGet</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="babel"><a class="header" href="#babel">Babel</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装"><a class="header" href="#安装">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install @babel/cli @babel/core @babel/preset-typescript --save-dev
</code></pre>
<h3 id="babelrc"><a class="header" href="#babelrc">.babelrc</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">{
  &quot;presets&quot;: [&quot;@babel/preset-typescript&quot;]
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用命令行工具"><a class="header" href="#使用命令行工具">使用命令行工具</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">./node_modules/.bin/babel --out-file bundle.js src/index.ts
</code></pre>
<h3 id="packagejson"><a class="header" href="#packagejson">package.json</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">{
  &quot;scripts&quot;: {
    &quot;build&quot;: &quot;babel --out-file bundle.js main.ts&quot;
  },
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="在命令行上运行babel"><a class="header" href="#在命令行上运行babel">在命令行上运行Babel</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm run build
</code></pre>
<h2 id="browserify"><a class="header" href="#browserify">Browserify</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-1"><a class="header" href="#安装-1">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install tsify
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用命令行交互"><a class="header" href="#使用命令行交互">使用命令行交互</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">browserify main.ts -p [ tsify --noImplicitAny ] &gt; bundle.js
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用api"><a class="header" href="#使用api">使用API</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var browserify = require(&quot;browserify&quot;);
var tsify = require(&quot;tsify&quot;);

browserify()
    .add('main.ts')
    .plugin('tsify', { noImplicitAny: true })
    .bundle()
    .pipe(process.stdout);
</code></pre>
<p>更多详细信息：<a href="https://github.com/smrq/tsify">smrq/tsify</a></p>
<h2 id="duo"><a class="header" href="#duo">Duo</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-2"><a class="header" href="#安装-2">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install duo-typescript
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用命令行交互-1"><a class="header" href="#使用命令行交互-1">使用命令行交互</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">duo --use duo-typescript entry.ts
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用api-1"><a class="header" href="#使用api-1">使用API</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var Duo = require('duo');
var fs = require('fs')
var path = require('path')
var typescript = require('duo-typescript');

var out = path.join(__dirname, &quot;output.js&quot;)

Duo(__dirname)
    .entry('entry.ts')
    .use(typescript())
    .run(function (err, results) {
        if (err) throw err;
        // Write compiled result to output file
        fs.writeFileSync(out, results.code);
    });
</code></pre>
<p>更多详细信息：<a href="https://github.com/frankwallis/duo-typescript">frankwallis/duo-typescript</a></p>
<h2 id="grunt"><a class="header" href="#grunt">Grunt</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-3"><a class="header" href="#安装-3">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install grunt-ts
</code></pre>
<h3 id="基本gruntfilejs"><a class="header" href="#基本gruntfilejs">基本Gruntfile.js</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">module.exports = function(grunt) {
    grunt.initConfig({
        ts: {
            default : {
                src: [&quot;**/*.ts&quot;, &quot;!node_modules/**/*.ts&quot;]
            }
        }
    });
    grunt.loadNpmTasks(&quot;grunt-ts&quot;);
    grunt.registerTask(&quot;default&quot;, [&quot;ts&quot;]);
};
</code></pre>
<p>更多详细信息：<a href="https://github.com/TypeStrong/grunt-ts">TypeStrong/grunt-ts</a></p>
<h2 id="gulp"><a class="header" href="#gulp">Gulp</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-4"><a class="header" href="#安装-4">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install gulp-typescript
</code></pre>
<h3 id="基本gulpfilejs"><a class="header" href="#基本gulpfilejs">基本gulpfile.js</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var gulp = require(&quot;gulp&quot;);
var ts = require(&quot;gulp-typescript&quot;);

gulp.task(&quot;default&quot;, function () {
    var tsResult = gulp.src(&quot;src/*.ts&quot;)
        .pipe(ts({
              noImplicitAny: true,
              out: &quot;output.js&quot;
        }));
    return tsResult.js.pipe(gulp.dest('built/local'));
});
</code></pre>
<p>更多详细信息：<a href="https://github.com/ivogabe/gulp-typescript">ivogabe/gulp-typescript</a></p>
<h2 id="jspm"><a class="header" href="#jspm">Jspm</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-5"><a class="header" href="#安装-5">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install -g jspm@beta
</code></pre>
<p><em>注意：目前jspm的0.16beta版本支持TypeScript</em></p>
<p>更多详细信息：<a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScriptSamples/tree/master/jspm">TypeScriptSamples/jspm</a></p>
<h2 id="webpack"><a class="header" href="#webpack">Webpack</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装-6"><a class="header" href="#安装-6">安装</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install ts-loader --save-dev
</code></pre>
<h3 id="webpack-2-webpackconfigjs-基础配置"><a class="header" href="#webpack-2-webpackconfigjs-基础配置">Webpack 2 webpack.config.js 基础配置</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">module.exports = {
    entry: &quot;./src/index.tsx&quot;,
    output: {
        path: '/',
        filename: &quot;bundle.js&quot;
    },
    resolve: {
        extensions: [&quot;.tsx&quot;, &quot;.ts&quot;, &quot;.js&quot;, &quot;.json&quot;]
    },
    module: {
        rules: [
            // all files with a '.ts' or '.tsx' extension will be handled by 'ts-loader'
            { test: /\.tsx?$/, use: [&quot;ts-loader&quot;], exclude: /node_modules/ }
        ]
    }
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="webpack-1-webpackconfigjs-基础配置"><a class="header" href="#webpack-1-webpackconfigjs-基础配置">Webpack 1 webpack.config.js 基础配置</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">module.exports = {
    entry: &quot;./src/index.tsx&quot;,
    output: {
        filename: &quot;bundle.js&quot;
    },
    resolve: {
        // Add '.ts' and '.tsx' as a resolvable extension.
        extensions: [&quot;&quot;, &quot;.webpack.js&quot;, &quot;.web.js&quot;, &quot;.ts&quot;, &quot;.tsx&quot;, &quot;.js&quot;]
    },
    module: {
        loaders: [
            // all files with a '.ts' or '.tsx' extension will be handled by 'ts-loader'
            { test: /\.tsx?$/, loader: &quot;ts-loader&quot; }
        ]
    }
};
</code></pre>
<p>查看<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/ts-loader">更多关于ts-loader的详细信息</a></p>
<p>或者</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/awesome-typescript-loader">awesome-typescript-loader</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="msbuild"><a class="header" href="#msbuild">MSBuild</a></h2>
<p>更新工程文件，包含本地安装的<code>Microsoft.TypeScript.Default.props</code>（在顶端）和<code>Microsoft.TypeScript.targets</code>（在底部）文件：</p>
<pre><code class="language-markup">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;Project ToolsVersion=&quot;4.0&quot; DefaultTargets=&quot;Build&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003&quot;&gt;
  &lt;!-- Include default props at the top --&gt;
  &lt;Import
      Project=&quot;$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\TypeScript\Microsoft.TypeScript.Default.props&quot;
      Condition=&quot;Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\TypeScript\Microsoft.TypeScript.Default.props')&quot; /&gt;

  &lt;!-- TypeScript configurations go here --&gt;
  &lt;PropertyGroup Condition=&quot;'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'&quot;&gt;
    &lt;TypeScriptRemoveComments&gt;false&lt;/TypeScriptRemoveComments&gt;
    &lt;TypeScriptSourceMap&gt;true&lt;/TypeScriptSourceMap&gt;
  &lt;/PropertyGroup&gt;
  &lt;PropertyGroup Condition=&quot;'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'&quot;&gt;
    &lt;TypeScriptRemoveComments&gt;true&lt;/TypeScriptRemoveComments&gt;
    &lt;TypeScriptSourceMap&gt;false&lt;/TypeScriptSourceMap&gt;
  &lt;/PropertyGroup&gt;

  &lt;!-- Include default targets at the bottom --&gt;
  &lt;Import
      Project=&quot;$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\TypeScript\Microsoft.TypeScript.targets&quot;
      Condition=&quot;Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\TypeScript\Microsoft.TypeScript.targets')&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/Project&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>关于配置MSBuild编译器选项的更多详细信息，请参考：<a href="compiler-options-in-msbuild.html">在MSBuild里使用编译选项</a></p>
<h2 id="nuget"><a class="header" href="#nuget">NuGet</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>右键点击 -&gt; Manage NuGet Packages</li>
<li>查找<code>Microsoft.TypeScript.MSBuild</code></li>
<li>点击<code>Install</code></li>
<li>安装完成后，Rebuild。</li>
</ul>
<p>更多详细信息请参考<a href="http://docs.nuget.org/Consume/Package-Manager-Dialog">Package Manager Dialog</a>和<a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Nightly-drops#using-nuget-with-msbuild">using nightly builds with NuGet</a></p>

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